Estado actual de la Enfermería en los Centros de Día Gerontológicos de Huelva / Estado atual da enfermagem nos Centros de Dia Gerontológicos de Huelva / Current state of Nursing in Gerontological Day Centers of Huelva

Introducción: El envejecimiento poblacional ha desplegadoun nuevo y amplio campo de estudio para la ciencia sanitariaen el que la enfermería debe investigar para garantizar laautonomía en salud de las personas mayores.Objetivo: Visibilizar los Centros de Día Gerontológicos(CDG) y las actividades de los profesionales de enfermeríaen dichos centros en Huelva.Metodología: Se ha realizado una investigación cualitativa apartir de cuestionarios y entrevistas dirigidas al personal dedirección y enfermería de varios Centros de Día de Huelvay provincia.Resultados: Los CDG son un recurso intermedio con múltiplesobjetivos y funciones, que ofrecen calidad de vida tantopara los mayores como para sus familiares. Se componende un equipo básico de profesionales que trabaja de formano permanente. La figura de la enfermería es esencial, perocuenta con una situación laboral muy deficiente.Conclusión: Estos centros proporcionan cuidados profesionalesy permiten la permanencia en los domicilios habitualesfavoreciendo la calidad de vida y autonomía de esta poblaciónmayor. La bibliografía sobre este tema es escasa, por lo quese considera necesario profundizar en su investigación juntocon la puesta en marcha de programas y propuestas de mejoraque den a conocer estos centros sociosanitarios.(AU)

Introduction: Population aging has opened up a newand broad field of study for health science in whichnursing must investigate to guarantee the healthautonomy of older people.Objective: To make visible the Gerontological DayCenters (CDG) and the activities of nursing professionalsin these centers in Huelva.Methodology: A qualitative investigation has beencarried out using questionnaires and interviews directedat the management and nursing staff of several DayCenters in Huelva and the province.Results: The CDG are an intermediate resource withmultiple objectives and functions, which offer qualityof life for both the elderly and their families. They aremade up of a basic team of professionals who workon a non-permanent basis. The role of nursing isessential, but it has a very poor employment situation.Conclusion: These centers provide professional careand allow them to remain in their usual homes,favoring the quality of life and autonomy of thisolder population. The bibliography on this topic isscarce, so it is considered necessary to deepen itsresearch along with the implementation of programsand improvement proposals that make these socio-health centers known.(AU)

Introdução: O envelhecimento populacional abriuum novo e amplo campo de estudo para as ciênciasda saúde no qual a enfermagem deve investigar paragarantir a autonomia de saúde dos idosos.Objectivo: Dar visibilidade aos Centros de DiaGerontológicos (CDG) e à actividade dos profissionaisde enfermagem destes centros de Huelva.Metodologia: Foi realizada uma investigação qualitativaatravés de questionários e entrevistas dirigidas aosdirigentes e pessoal de enfermagem de vários Centrosde Dia de Huelva e da província.Resultados: Os CDG são um recurso intermediáriocom múltiplos objetivos e funções, que oferecemqualidade de vida tanto para os idosos quanto paraseus familiares. São formados por uma equipe básicade profissionais que atuam de forma não permanente.O papel da enfermagem é essencial, mas tem umasituação laboral muito precária.Conclusão: Estes centros prestam cuidados profissionaise permitem a permanência nos seus domicílios habituais,favorecendo a qualidade de vida e a autonomia destapopulação idosa. A bibliografia sobre este tema éescassa, pelo que considera-se necessário aprofundara sua investigação juntamente com a implementaçãode programas e propostas de melhoria que dêem aconhecer estes centros sócio-sanitários.(AU)

Intervenciones en Psicología Positiva para la disminución de la depresión y el fomento del bienestar en personas mayores de 60 años: Una revisión sistemática de la última década (2012-2022) / Interventions in Positive Psychology to reduce depression and promote well-being in the elderly: A systematic review of the last decade (2012-2022)

En los últimos años distintos estudios muestran la eficacia de las intervenciones en Psicología Positiva para mejorar la sintomatología depresiva y el bienestar en población adulta; sin embargo, hay pocos estudios que revisen la eficacia de estas intervenciones en personas de 60 años o más. Objetivo: recoger y sintetizar la evidencia existente en la última década con respecto a las intervenciones en Psicología Positiva en estas personas. Método: se ha realizado una revisión sistemática (RS) que recoge las publicaciones, realizadas entre enero de 2012 y julio de 2022, procedentes de las bases de datos SCOPUS, WOS/Medline y PROQUEST/PsycInfo. Se seleccionaron 944 estudios empíricos, de los cuales 18 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: se presenta evidencia sobre la eficacia de las intervenciones en Psicología Positiva para reducir la sintomatología depresiva e incrementar el bienestar subjetivo y psicológico en personas de estas edades, con efectos superiores a los de otros grupos de control. Esto sucede con programas de intervención en bienestar, al entrenar varias fortalezas- gratitud o perdón junto con otras- o entrenando en mindfulness. Conclusión: estos resultados subrayan la importancia de considerar las intervenciones en Psicología Positiva como terapias complementarias para mejorar la salud mental y la calidad de vida en personas mayores de 60 años.

Recently, different studies have shown the efficacy of interventions in Positive Psychology to improve both depressive symptoms and well-being in adults. However, there are only a few studies that review the efficacy of these interventions in people aged 60 years and older. Objective: synthesize the evidence from the last decade about these interventions in these people. Method: A systematic review was conducted. Publications between 2012 and 2022 -from SCOPUS, WOS/Medline and PROQUEST/PsycInfo- were included. After analyzing 944 empirical works, 18 studies have met the inclusion criteria. Results: the results show the efficacy of interventions in Positive Psychology, both to reduce depressive symptoms, and to increase subjective and psychological well-being in people of these ages, compared to other control groups. These effects are found with interventions on well-being, with interventions on personal strengths -gratitude or forgiveness in combination with sense of humor, empathy, meaning of life or emotional regulation- or through training on mindfulness. Conclusions: The preliminary results point out the importance of interventions in Positive Psychology as complementary therapies to improve the metal health and quality of life in people over 60 years.

Effect of supplementation with leucine alone, with other nutrients or with physical exercise in older people with sarcopenia: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Older adults are at a greater risk of developing sarcopenia as a result of reduced mobility, malnutrition, dietary changes and certain diseases. There are no systematic reviews in the literature analysing the effects of supplementation with leucine alone or as part of a supplement, and with or without physical exercise in older people with sarcopenia. We aimed to systematically review the evidence in intervention studies on the effects of supplementation with leucine, either alone, combined with other supplements, or combined with other supplements and physical exercise in older people with sarcopenia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Literature searches related to the topic were conducted in three databases (Pubmed/Medline, Cochrane and SciELO) looking for articles published prior to December 2020. This review includes intervention studies in older adults over 60 years of age with a history of sarcopenia where researchers reported on the effects of leucine supplementation, with or without physical exercise, related to the disease's treatments or outcomes. RESULTS: The systematic review identified three intervention studies examining the effect of leucine without physical exercise, one on leucine with physical exercise, seven on leucine paired with another nutrient and without physical exercise, and twelve on leucine paired with another nutrient and physical exercise. The results revealed that leucine supplementation alone and without physical exercise did not improve markers of sarcopenia, whereas interventions pairing leucine with supplements, particularly leucine-enriched protein supplements, are a promising treatment for the improvement of sarcopenic markers, whether with or without physical exercise. CONCLUSIONS: Leucine supplementation, specifically paired with protein supplements, both with and without physical exercise, was found to be an effective dietary intervention for the improvement of sarcopenia. Further dietary interventions are necessary to calculate effective dosage quantities for both leucine and nutrient supplementation as an integral part of the treatment.

[Environmental sociodemographic conditions associated with health-nutrition profiles among elderly people, Córdoba-Argentina]. / Condiciones sociodemográficas ambientales asociadas a perfiles de salud-alimentación entre personas adultas mayores, Córdoba-Argentina.

INTRODUCTION: Demographic trends indicate that population aging is not exclusive to developed countries. Argentina reaches 15.5% of the elderly population. The Covid-19 pandemic has brought to the forefront the public health situation of this population, challenging health systems, with disproportionate impacts on this group, which has suffered more than 80% of the deaths in the country, mainly in those with comorbidities. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the sociodemographic and environmental conditions involved in the process of development of health and nutrition profiles of the elderly people of Córdoba, Argentina 2020. METHODOLOGY: Epidemiological, cross-sectional, population-based study that included 221 elderly people (≥60 years old), through random sampling. Data on sociodemographic and environmental conditions, health and dietary profiles were collected through structured interviews. RESULTS: The average age of the participants was 68 years. Eighty-five percent recognized neighborhood contamination, 38% of them being garbage dumps close to their homes. Eighty-nine percent reported at least one non-communicable disease (NCD) or associated risk factor and 66% were overweight (BMI≥25kg/m2). The presence of obesity (BMI≥30kg/m2) was associated (OR=2.05; CI 1.007-3.922) with the development of NCDs. Only 4% of the population complied with the daily fruit and vegetable consumption recommendation. CONCLUSION: The predominant characteristics of the health and dietary profiles associated with NCDs identified suggest the need to study in depth the social determinants that condition the aging process.

Condiciones sociodemográficas ambientales asociadas a perfiles de salud-alimentación entre personas adultas mayores, Córdoba-Argentina / Environmental sociodemographic conditions associated with health-nutrition profiles among elderly people, Córdoba-Argentina

Introducción: Las tendencias demográficas indican que el envejecimiento poblacional no es exclusivo de los países desarrollados. Argentina alcanza el 15,5% de la población adulta mayor. La pandemia por COVID-19 puso en escena la situación de salud pública de esta población, desafiando los sistemas de salud, con impactos desproporcionados en este grupo que sufrió más del 80% de los decesos ocurridos en el país, principalmente en quienes presentaban comorbilidades. Objetivo: Analizar las condiciones sociodemográficas y ambientales que intervienen en el proceso de desarrollo de perfiles de salud y alimentación de la población adulta mayor de Córdoba, Argentina 2020. Metodología: Estudio epidemiológico de corte transversal, de base poblacional, que incluyó 221 personas adultas mayores (≥60 años) mediante muestreo aleatorizado. A través de entrevista estructurada se indagaron datos sobre condiciones sociodemográficas, ambientales, perfiles de salud y alimentación. Resultados: La edad promedio de los participantes fue de 68 años. Un 85% reconoció contaminación barrial, siendo el 38% basurales cercanos al domicilio. El 89% manifestaron al menos una enfermedad no transmisible (ENT) o factor de riesgo asociado y el 66% presentó exceso de peso (IMC≥25kg/m2). La presencia de obesidad (IMC≥30kg/m2) se asoció (OR: 2,05; IC: 1,007-3,922) con el desarrollo de ENT. Solo el 4% de la población cumplió con la recomendación de consumo diario de frutas y verduras. Conclusión: Las características predominantes de perfiles de salud y alimentación asociadas a ENT identificadas, plantean la necesidad de profundizar sobre los determinantes sociales que condicionan el proceso de envejecimiento. (AU)

Introduction: Demographic trends indicate that population aging is not exclusive to developed countries. Argentina reaches 15.5% of the elderly population. The Covid-19 pandemic has brought to the forefront the public health situation of this population, challenging health systems, with disproportionate impacts on this group, which has suffered more than 80% of the deaths in the country, mainly in those with comorbidities. Objective: To analyze the sociodemographic and environmental conditions involved in the process of development of health and nutrition profiles of the elderly people of Córdoba, Argentina 2020. Methodology: Epidemiological, cross-sectional, population-based study that included 221 elderly people (≥60 years old), through random sampling. Data on sociodemographic and environmental conditions, health and dietary profiles were collected through structured interviews. Results: The average age of the participants was 68 years. Eighty-five percent recognized neighborhood contamination, 38% of them being garbage dumps close to their homes. Eighty-nine percent reported at least one non-communicable disease (NCD) or associated risk factor and 66% were overweight (BMI≥25kg/m2). The presence of obesity (BMI≥30kg/m2) was associated (OR=2.05; CI 1.007–3.922) with the development of NCDs. Only 4% of the population complied with the daily fruit and vegetable consumption recommendation. Conclusion: The predominant characteristics of the health and dietary profiles associated with NCDs identified suggest the need to study in depth the social determinants that condition the aging process. (AU)

Las Bibliotecas públicas como promotoras del envejecimiento activo saludable / Public libraries as promoters of healthy and active elderliness

Resumen Las bibliotecas públicas son por excelencia, las organizaciones que reciben y trabajan con la población adulta mayor. Se presenta un proyecto desarrollado en la Escuela de Bibliotecología y Ciencias de la Información, de la Universidad de Costa Rica, cuyo objetivo general fue desarrollar estrategias lúdico-creativas, para promover la alfabetización informacional en salud en la población adulta y adulta mayor, desde las bibliotecas públicas. Es una investigación cualitativa, en que se aplicó la investigación acción. Los resultados alcanzados muestran que después de la aplicación de talleres lúdico-creativos, las personas adultas mayores aumentaron su conocimiento, interés y destreza en ellos. Así mismo se logró fomentar las relaciones intergeneracionales, pues los talleres fueron desarrollados por estudiantes de Trabajo Comunal Universitario.

Abstract Public libraries are par excellence, the organizations that receive and work with the elderly population. The following is a project developed by the School of Library and Information Sciences of the University of Costa Rica whose general objective was to develop ludic and creative-based strategies to promote informational alphabetization and health in adults and the elderly population from the public libraries. It was a qualitative action-research investigation. Results evince an increase in interest, knowledge, and skills amongst the elderly after the implementation of the ludic and creative workshops. At the same time, it was feasible to promote intergenerational relations since the workshops were implemented by students as part of their Communal University Work.

Intervenciones con ejercicio contra resistencia en la persona adulta mayor diagnosticada con sarcopenia. una revisión sistemática / Resistance training interventions in elderly diagnosed with sarcopenia. a systematic review / Intervenções com exercício contra resistência nas pessoas idosas diagnosticadas com sarcopenia. uma revisão sistemática

Resumen Solano-García, W. y Carazo-Vargas, P. (2018). Intervenciones con ejercicio contra resistencia en las personas adultas mayores diagnosticadas con sarcopenia. Una revisión sistemática. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 16(1), 1-19. Propósito: Examinar la evidencia generada de las intervenciones basadas en ejercicio contra resistencia en la persona adulta mayor diagnosticada con sarcopenia. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura mediante la combinación de palabras claves en las siguientes bases de datos: EBSCO Host, Ovid, ProQuest, Public Health Database, Research Library, Science Direct, Springer Link, Cochrane Library, PubMed, SciELO, LILACS y PEDro. Se obtuvo 7819 estudios de los cuales seis cumplen con los criterios de inclusión: artículos de carácter experimental, ejercicio contra resistencia como intervención, texto completo, idioma en inglés/español, personas adultas mayores de 60 años diagnosticadas con sarcopenia. Resultados: La mayoría de los estudios reveló aumentos en porcentajes de cambio en variables asociadas a la sarcopenia, masa muscular (3.29%), fuerza muscular (19.16%) y función muscular (18.12%). Al analizar los detalles de las intervenciones se evidenció mejoras trabajando al menos 12 semanas con una frecuencia de 2-3 días durante 60 minutos por sesión, estimulando los principales grupos musculares a intensidades entre 60-85% (1RM) durante 3 series entre 6-15 repeticiones con descansos de 1-2 minutos entre serie; además, se obtienen beneficios similares al ejercitarse con equipo de resistencia o ejercicios con peso libre. Conclusiones: El ejercicio contra resistencia mejora variables físicas asociadas con la sarcopenia en personas que presentan este síndrome. Al analizar las recomendaciones de prescripción de ejercicio para contrarrestar los efectos de la sarcopenia, basadas en personas que no presentaban sarcopenia y compararlas con las encontradas en el presente estudio, se muestra que son similares.

Abstract Solano-García, W. & Carazo-Vargas, P. (2018). Resistance training interventions in elderly diagnosed with sarcopenia. A systematic review. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 16(1), 1-19. Purpose: Examine the evidence generated by resistance exercise-based interventions in elderly diagnosed with sarcopenia. Methods: A literature search was conducted combining keywords in the following databases: EBSCO Host, Ovid, ProQuest, Public Health Database, Research Library, Science Direct, Springer Link, Cochrane Library, PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, and PEDro. A total of 7819 studies were obtained, six of which met the inclusion criteria: experimental articles, resistance exercise as intervention, full text, English-Spanish language, adults over 60 diagnosed with sarcopenia. Results: Most of the studies revealed percentages increased in change in the variables associated with sarcopenia, muscle mass (3.29%), muscle strength (19.16%), and muscle function (18.12%). After analyzing the details of the interventions, improvement was shown when working at least 12 weeks with a frequency of 2 to 3 days with 60-minute sessions, stimulating the major muscle groups at intensities between 60-85% (1RM) for 3 series between 6-15 repetitions with 1-2-minute rest between series. Similar benefits are obtained when exercising with resistance equipment or free weight exercises. Conclusions: Resistance exercise improves physical variables associated with sarcopenia in patients with this syndrome. After analyzing the recommendations of exercise prescription to counteract the effects of sarcopenia based on the people who did not have sarcopenia and compared to those found in the present study, it is shown that results are similar.

Resumo Solano-García, W. & Carazo-Vargas, P. (2018). Intervenções com exercício contra resistência nas pessoas idosas diagnosticadas com sarcopenia. Uma revisão sistemática. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 16(1), 1-19. Propósito: Examinar a evidencia gerada das intervenções baseadas em exercício contra resistência na pessoa idosa diagnosticada com sarcopenia. Métodos: Foi realizada uma busca de literatura através da combinação de palavras-chaves nas seguintes bases de dados: EBSCO Host, Ovid, ProQuest, Public Health Database, Research Library, Science Direct, Springer Link, Cochrane Library, PubMed, SciELO, LILACS e PEDro. Foram obtidos 7819 estudos, dos quais seis cumprem com os critérios de inclusão: artigos de caráter experimental, exercício contra resistência como intervenção, texto completo, idioma em inglês/espanhol, pessoas maiores de 60 anos diagnosticadas com sarcopenia. Resultados: A maioria dos estudos revelou aumentos em porcentagens de mudanças nas variáveis associadas à sarcopenia, massa muscular (3.29%), força muscular (19.16%) e função muscular (18.12%). Ao analisar os detalhes das intervenções, ficou evidente as melhoras através de um trabalho de ao menos 12 semanas com uma frequência de 2-3 dias durante 60 minutos por sessão, estimulando os principais grupos musculares a intensidades entre 60-85% (1RM) durante 3 séries entre 6-15 repetições com descansos de 1-2 minutos entre série; além disso, foram obtidos benefícios semelhantes na realização de exercícios com equipamento de resistência ou exercícios com peso livre. Conclusões: O exercício contra resistência melhora variáveis físicas associadas à sarcopenia em pessoas que apresentam esta síndrome. Ao analisar as recomendações de prescrição de exercício para anular os efeitos da sarcopenia, baseadas em pessoas que não apresentavam sarcopenia e compará-las com as encontradas no presente estudo, observa-se que são semelhantes.